Tom wrote: ↑Wed Sep 03, 2025 5:30 pm
I would cite Doctor Scratch’s list of Top Ten Happenings in Mopologetics for 2009 as another data point to investigate. Number 2
read:
The Ascent of Cassius University
While it had never been in ashes, it does seem fair to say that Cassius University and its works constituted a major force in the year of 2009---a kind of mythic phoenix helping to combat the powers of evil. Led by Dean Robbers, the university hosted a series of competitions, seminars, and devotionals, and it really came into its own on the Mopologetic scene. In terms of scholarship, the Hon. Rev. Kishkumen offered up considerable insight into the human aspects of the debate, but it may be Dean Robbers's theories on the Tiers of Apologetics that may have the most lasting, powerful impact. In addition to the Tiers, other crucial observations came to light, including the comparison of the Church with Peak Oil, and the revelation that Mopologists are jettisoning a historical reading of the Book of Mormon in favor of a "literary" reading---a process which was coined (by Dr. Shades) as "The Gadianton Turn."
The meaning of these references eludes me, but I suspect they demand further research that could easily lead to a dissertation.
Ah, yes: what a pleasant trip down memory lane! I hope that Drs. Robbers and Shades will chime in, but I'm glad to elaborate a bit on the references.
--The "Tiers of Apologetics" likely refers to one of two things: either the "ranking" of the various Mopologists in terms of seniority--(e.g., Midgley and Gee are "Senior Tier" versus Smoot and Rappleye, who would be "junior tier"), or it may be in reference to various tiers of "window dressing" that are meant to lend credibility to the Mopologetic enterprise. Here, one tier would be (e.g.) METI or ISPART, where people closely aligned with Mopologetics are doing authentic scholarly work: i.e., "See? These *are* real scholars!" The next tier would be material that *can* be construed as Mopologetic, but on the surface seems like legitimate scholarship. So, this would be something like John Gee's peer-reviewed Egyptology articles. They pass muster in terms of peer review by outsiders, and by all appearances *do* constitute actual Egyptological scholarship. *But* if you are "in the know," then there are ways that this can be used to support Mopologetic claims. Other examples of this tier (and again, I would defer to the real expert here--Dean Robbers--but this is my understanding) would be Stubbs's linguistic research. It seems like all he is doing is actually studying Uto-Aztecan languages, but, again, there is a semi-buried "point" here that actually supports Book of Mormon authenticity.
Finally, there is the last tier, which is straight-up Mopologetics: stuff that argues that the Book of Mormon is real history, or that the Witnesses were unwavering and infallible, etc. Or, all the stuff that is straight-up attack/hit pieces, etc. Stuff that basically has no credibility whatsoever and would never pass peer review at a legitimate publication, but which, to certain believers, can "seem" legitimate in part because of the other two tiers, which exist to build up authority / credibility.
--As for the "Peak Oil" thing: I believe that this was just drawing a parallel between the idea of "peak oil" (i.e., that there is a finite amount of fossil fuels that humans will be able to harvest from the planet, and "peak oil" means we are extracting the maximum amount and from here on out, it's going to be dwindling returns) and the Church. I don't recall the exact specifics, but I can see this applying in all sorts of ways: "peak tithing," for instance, or "peak conversion." If memory serves, it may have been the latter of these that was the key idea: Mopologetics is necessary because the Church has reached "peak conversion/membership"--they are simply tapped out in terms of being able to rope large numbers of new members into the fold--and so you need Mopologetics to retain the people that you've got. At least, that's my recollection of the concept.
--And "The Gadianton Turn." Wow--now that is really a blast from the past. This one really makes me pause and shake m head at how much things have changed. Interestingly, back in the mid-aughts, the Mopologists were making very different arguments about the Book of Mormon: this was the era when they were name-dropping Peter Novick every other post, and insisting, PoMo-style, that there is no such thing as "fixed meaning," and that history is always inherently subjective, etc. Back then, they seemed to be actually leaning more towards a "literary" reading of the Book of Mormon, where you couldn't really treat it as "history," because (again), there is no such thing as "history"; it's all "subjective"; meaning is "unstable"; and so forth. I believe it was around this time that Grant Hardy published his book about the Book of Mormon, encouraging a more Humanities-centric reading of the text--read it as if it's a novel, in other words.
But there was a shift that happened right around 2012 or so--around the time of the big blow-up at the Maxwell Institute, where the Mopologists did an about-face and decided that, no, actually it was *heresy* to read the Book of Mormon as anything other than 100% authentic, legitimate history. You may recall that this was one of the main points of dispute between the "classic-FARMS" Mopologists and the so-called "New Maxwell Institute"/Mormon Studies people. The old-school Mopologists insisted that belief in a literal, historical Book of Mormon was a kind of "faith test," and anyone who didn't subscribe to that doctrinal orthodoxy was a closeted-apostate heretic who deserved to be ex'ed.
It's weird to think how far we've come: now it's unthinkable that the Afore would refer to Novick's
That Noble Dream on SeN: instead, he needs to treat books as basically infallible so that he can bash away at anyone who dares to criticize his defense of a racist Brigham Young. He noted in one recent post that he would "refuse to talk" with anyone who hadn't read his favorite book on the topic! Quite hypocritical when you recall that, 15 years ago or so, anyone who insisted that *he* or any other Mopologist do the same would be told to read
That Noble Dream so that they could learn that there is no such thing as "objective" history, and that whatever claims the author was making were biased, etc.
ETA: he keeps adducing Amy Tanner Thiriot's
Slavery in Zion. What, I wonder, would Peter Novick have to say about this? Maybe the Afore should dust off his copy of
That Noble Dream?
"If, while hoping that everybody else will be honest and so forth, I can personally prosper through unethical and immoral acts without being detected and without risk, why should I not?." --Daniel Peterson, 6/4/14