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Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 4:16 am
by _Danna
Hi Daniel,

I agree with your statements here and in other places that theistic ‘anti-mormonism’ is illogical. In my own case, the critical items which falsified Mormonism also falsified all the Abrahamic religions, and over a period of years, all of my supernatural inclinations were examined and dropped. So I am a naturalistic secular humanist. Because the religion of my youth was Mormonism, and I respond to parental attempts to ‘reactivate’ me with research and counter-information, apparently I am a secular anti-Mormon.

So I was quite interested to see you had a lecture addressing secular anti-Mormons on You Tube. I have had it bookmarked for ages, and finally got enough time to watch the whole lecture this weekend. I ended up with some comments that I would like to raise if you have time (started a comment on You Tube, but I am too pedantic to fit all my verbiage into the little space provided).

The first issue is the contention that secularists have no foundation for morality. The idea that morality can only be bestowed by a deity, and that secularists are therefore devoid of morality, cannot be justified I think. As a social species we have evolved well tuned traits for justice, fairness, altruism, and empathy which provide a firm basis for a rational morality. A counter argument to your one may be made that without an understanding of evolution as a highly intelligent social primate, a fundamentalist theist has no basis for understanding secular morality.

Likewise with ‘meaning’. Why must ‘meaning’ be received from some higher intelligence?

If morality and meaning must be bestowed by deity, the question becomes “whose deity?” All theists cannot be moral, since most of them believe that a large proportion of their number have invented their deity – or are following an evil adversary. Only those theists who were lucky enough to select the real god from the multitude of options will actually have the real morality.

One could also argue that theism actually leads to lower morals – confusion of religious morality seems to result from the deity specifying ‘exceptions’ to the rule which then serves to highlight the arbitrariness of the moral in question. As an example I have an extract from the latest Ensign:
Early in his presidency President Spencer W. Kimball (1895–1985) said: “We have repeatedly affirmed the position of the Church in unalterably opposing all abortions, except in two rare instances: When conception is the result of forcible rape and when competent medical counsel indicates that a mother’s health would otherwise be seriously jeopardized.” Current policy now includes two other exceptions—incest and if the baby cannot survive beyond birth, as determined by competent medical counsel. Even these exceptions do not justify abortion automatically. It “should be considered only after the persons responsible have consulted with their bishops and received divine confirmation through prayer.”
From Abortion: An Assault on the Defenseless [sic], By Elder Russell M. Nelson, Ensign, October 2008. http://www.LDS.org/ldsorg/v/index.jsp?v ... &hideNav=1

Without making any comment on abortion itself, the official LDS policy on abortion is lacking in a logical and moral basis. In this Ensign article, LDS policy, effective from conception, is described as ‘divine doctrine’. This doctrine is apparently underwritten by D&C 59:6 – thus the stated moral basis is ‘do not kill (or do anything like it)’. However the exceptions to the doctrine for rape and incest make a mockery of the supposed divine moral basis – it is actually OK to kill (after prayerful consideration) if the mother is ‘innocent’. Since serious mental issues may also arise from unwanted pregnancy following contraception failure or other maternal ‘mistake’, and abortion is not permitted in the case of even serious non-fatal handicap – maternal mental damage and possible foetal abnormality cannot be the basis for the moral exceptions. The only way to consistently interpret the moral basis is if the principle is to punish female illicit sexual intercourse (short of killing her) in conjunction with an implication that children are priesthood property, and preservation of that property. I doubt anyone will be declaring these last as doctrine anytime soon.

The second point I wish to raise is your depiction of our thinking apparatus requiring a ‘ghost in the machine’.

You state, “On a completely secularist, naturalistic view, it seems that thoughts are really merely neurochemical events in the brain, able in principle at least, to be described by the laws of physics. But the laws of physics are deterministic”
You then continue by explaining that if one brain state is causally determined by the preceding brain state, then logic is not possible, and physics, not logic must determine things. Horrors!

Regardless of the metaphors one uses to describe the brain, modern cognitive science has no need of dualism. There is no need for a separate ephemeral ‘mind’, and no need to lose sleep over the existence of logic. Yes- one neural event follows another, but this is horrendously simplistic. Thoughts are an emergent property of neural events, and by emergent I mean that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This is a natural phenomenon, and an interesting area in not only physics and its emergent discipline chemistry, but a number of other disciplines. A simple and common example of emergent states is that the properties of water are emergent from the combination of two basic gases – and emergence produces amazingly more complex phenomena than this.

In summary, your reflections on secular anti-Mormonism are an attack on atheism using arguments that could only be considered valid by a theist. I am pretty doubtful that there are many who could be considered secular anti-Mormons who would not be better described as secular anti-theists (for example); although there may be the odd secularist who has a particular bone to pick with only Mormonism. But, from observation most are indifferent to what others choose to believe; a significant minority are anti-pseudoscience and opposed to harmful or exploitative faith-based groups (the skeptics); and only a very small group are anti-theists (like Richard Dawkins, or Christopher Hitchens) and they tend to attack any and all religion.

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 4:50 am
by _Ray A
Which link/links are you talking about? Could you please link what you're referring too? Thanks.

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 5:22 am
by _Daniel Peterson
You raise interesting subjects -- how refreshing it is to encounter a critic here who wants to talk about issues of substance and doesn't seem to want to make it a matter of personalities! -- and I'll try to get to them at some point. Unfortunately, it's going to be difficult over the next week or so, as I'm going to be out of town off and on. So please don't think that I'm trying to evade your questions.

As it is, I'm tired. Madame Butterfly died yet again tonight, and I have to be up early for a full day of bishop duties tomorrow. And then, early Monday morning, I'm off.

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 5:41 am
by _Danna
Ray A wrote:Which link/links are you talking about? Could you please link what you're referring too? Thanks.


Sorry!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSwccNZ_mmo
Just in case that is some sort of NZ link, It is a series of 6 videos (Reflections on Secular Anti-Mormonism pts 1-6) posted by You Tube identity: fairldsorg

So shouldn't be hard to find.

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 7:26 am
by _gramps
The link works great! Thanks.

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 4:14 pm
by _mikwut
I hope you or Daniel doesn't mind my two cents before Daniel finds time, I would enjoy this thread staying alive as I with Daniel enjoy the substantive interaction.

The first issue is the contention that secularists have no foundation for morality. The idea that morality can only be bestowed by a deity, and that secularists are therefore devoid of morality, cannot be justified I think. As a social species we have evolved well tuned traits for justice, fairness, altruism, and empathy which provide a firm basis for a rational morality. A counter argument to your one may be made that without an understanding of evolution as a highly intelligent social primate, a fundamentalist theist has no basis for understanding secular morality.


This discussion to me is very interesting. I think first the only paradigm that thinkers on both sides should consider are the thoughtful positions and not the fundamentalist ideas. First, if a theist takes the human experience of conscience at its utmost seriousness I do think evolutionary thinking offers us some insights and partial answers. I don't believe a theist is making a god of the gaps mistake to say it is far from satisfyingly answered from a secular perspective. I believe the theist is being responsible in pointing this out. For example, "kin altruism" and "reciprocal altruism" can find pockets of homes in secular thought. Nevertheless, it isn't an unthoughtful cliché for the theist to point out that these constructs fail to offer fully insightful answers or meaningful discussion into the kind of radical altruism of for example Irena Sendlerova who repeatedly risked her life in saving 2,500 Jewish children who were trapped in the Warsaw ghetto. A theist can intellectually see ethical intuition as a signal of a transcendent dimension. I don't hear from Daniel a trite moral superiority being argued but rather a deep insight into our concrete humanness as evidence and insight into a dimension not articulated satisfactorily from a secular viewpoint.

Second, I don't want to seem simplistic but my own human condition and my own experience of taking my human experiences seriously tell me that the theist is more probably right. Depending on the perspective unfortunately or fortunately, when I am fully honest with myself, I am simply not as good of a person without a relationship with God being forged in my life. Now, I understand a schoolyard answer can be given to that - "well I am fully honest and the opposite is true" - but experience itself can only truly answer that question.

Next, the moral evolutionary answer fails to answer something else very important. The cognitive faculties you use to derive the argument that morality from a secular viewpoint can satisfactorily be answered fails to take seriously those very faculties. Reason and logic, scientific understanding are deemed, seemingly (until you shed further light for me) arbitrarily as simply reliable towards invoking real knowledge, of a real world. But no progress in these discussions is ever made until the participants recognize the issue of truth is as important to religion as it is to science. If I take seriously that Reason, logic and scientific understanding - and my cognitive abilities that can understand those abilities as reliable into discovering a "real" world (which I do) - I have to take seriously that my cognitive abilities or moral reasoning, understanding and insight are likewise reliable towards a real world, and those insights and intuition point in my concrete experience to exactly what Daniel argues. Evolution is the well that all of these faculties sprung from.

Regardless of the metaphors one uses to describe the brain, modern cognitive science has no need of dualism. There is no need for a separate ephemeral ‘mind’, and no need to lose sleep over the existence of logic. Yes- one neural event follows another, but this is horrendously simplistic. Thoughts are an emergent property of neural events, and by emergent I mean that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This is a natural phenomenon, and an interesting area in not only physics and its emergent discipline chemistry, but a number of other disciplines. A simple and common example of emergent states is that the properties of water are emergent from the combination of two basic gases – and emergence produces amazingly more complex phenomena than this.


I find this interesting and have a great deal of agreement and sympathy for this viewpoint. As a Mormon I find great congruency between Joseph Smith's monism and the current emergent properties science is presently and for some time now been articulating. Our religious and spiritual aspects can just as easily be understood as emergent properties - and again the secularist would find themselves cutting off the very cognitive faculties that feed them if they begin to argue that some emergent properties signal real aspects of the world and universe and others don't.

ithout making any comment on abortion itself, the official LDS policy on abortion is lacking in a logical and moral basis. In this Ensign article, LDS policy, effective from conception, is described as ‘divine doctrine’. This doctrine is apparently underwritten by D&C 59:6 – thus the stated moral basis is ‘do not kill (or do anything like it)’. However the exceptions to the doctrine for rape and incest make a mockery of the supposed divine moral basis – it is actually OK to kill (after prayerful consideration) if the mother is ‘innocent’. Since serious mental issues may also arise from unwanted pregnancy following contraception failure or other maternal ‘mistake’, and abortion is not permitted in the case of even serious non-fatal handicap – maternal mental damage and possible foetal abnormality cannot be the basis for the moral exceptions. The only way to consistently interpret the moral basis is if the principle is to punish female illicit sexual intercourse (short of killing her) in conjunction with an implication that children are priesthood property, and preservation of that property. I doubt anyone will be declaring these last as doctrine anytime soon.


Religion does not have access to absolute proof of its beliefs but, on careful analysis, nor does science. In all realms of human inquiry, the interlacing of experience and interpretation introduces a degree of precariousness into the argument. Certainly one who understands complexity increasing through emergent properties understands that more complex properties and faculties increase the possibility for precariousness but do not eliminate their underlying basic reliable nature in what they perform. Morality can be all that Daniel argued and still be precarious in how we perform it - in fact theologically this must be the case.

kind regards,
mikwut

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 4:36 pm
by _Ray A
Danna wrote:Sorry!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSwccNZ_mmo
Just in case that is some sort of NZ link, It is a series of 6 videos (Reflections on Secular Anti-Mormonism pts 1-6) posted by You Tube identity: fairldsorg

So shouldn't be hard to find.


Ah. I wanted clarification as I thought you were referring to the article:

Reflections on Secular Anti-Mormonism

I didn't realise it was also posted on You Tube, hence my initially wondering if the two were the same.

Thanks for the link.

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Sun Oct 19, 2008 6:59 pm
by _CaliforniaKid
Danna,

You raise some excellent points, particularly on the subject of morality. Divine Command ethical theory is extremely unsatisfying, and in my opinion does not adequately account for why religious ethics seem largely (though not entirely) to coincide with rational, utilitarian ethics. As I have argued on several occasions, in Mormon cosmology the most sensible approach would be to view God himself as an enforcer and promoter of a utilitarian ethic.

On the subject of free-will, Dan's suggestion that determinism compromises logic is simply mistaken. A computer is ultimately deterministic and reducible to physical interactions between switches, circuits, disks, and hardware. Would anyone in his right mind argue that a computer is not capable of logical operations? Obviously not. In fact, the switches etc. are arranged in the way they are precisely in order to enable the computer to perform said operations. If there is anything that compromises logic, it is the indeterminism introduced by libertarian free-will. According to libertarian free-will, consciousness is an exception to the rule that any cause necessarily entails a given effect (which is the rule that underlies syllogistic reasoning).

I had a very interesting discussion with Blake Ostler on my blog recently on this very subject. I think I made a pretty good case that the only meaningful free-will is deterministic free-will, and raised some serious questions concerning his libertarian view that he failed to adequately answer. That's not to to say that I "won" or anything; rather, it's just to point out that this issue is hardly as clear-cut as Dr. Peterson would like it to be.

My discussion with Blake is in the comments sections here and here.

Best,

-Chris

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Mon Oct 20, 2008 3:35 am
by _marg
mikwut wrote:

Religion does not have access to absolute proof of its beliefs but, on careful analysis, nor does science.


Science never makes claim to absolutes, no need to do careful analysis on that point. The scientific method is a process to gain knowledge which leads to best fit theories based upon evidence. Those theories are open to being proved erroneous or deficient. In contrast religionists use a process which relies upon asserted claims of knowledge, rarely tentative, most often absolute with no means of being proved false, such as the Abrahamic God exists, the afterlife exists, Jesus exists and visited the Americas etc.

As a consequence most religious claims can not be proven wrong if they were. While religion may "not have access to absolute proof of its beliefs", the beliefs are most often held as absolutely true, despite lack of evidence, despite reliance on assertions.

Re: Secular Anti-Mormonism: Comments for DCP on You Tube Address

Posted: Mon Oct 20, 2008 3:27 pm
by _mikwut
Hello marg,

you said:

"Science never makes claim to absolutes, no need to do careful analysis on that point."


I am glad we agree in regard to science we consider approptiate. I did follow the sentence I think your referring to with, In all realms of human inquiry, the interlacing of experience and interpretation introduces a degree of precariousness into the argument. The history of science also is different from your statement - but I am glad you see that differently too.

you furthered, "The scientific method is a process to gain knowledge which leads to best fit theories based upon evidence."


Crudely, I suppose. That's roughly what all our school books taught us isn't it? When I discuss science and religion I focus more on the aspect of science that is similar to the process of gaining spiritual knowledge. That is the aspect of 'discovery' within science. Most writers of science have not paid much attention to discovery. But the beginning of scientific knowledge is nothing at all like the simple banal process we all learn at school. The beginning is a vague sense of a problem, which then brings a scientist into a personal obsession for searching for the solution, it could arbitrary in how the scientist determines a problem but itself is deep question of science really works, patient meticulous work follows with many setbacks, wrongturns and disappointments, then in most cases a sudden flash of illumination, an imaginative leap may show the scientist the answer. Many other emotional and subjective factors are included in the process, such as caring for example which entire volumes have been spent on. Have you read any Poincare, Polya, Polanyi, Kuhn or Pirsig?

You then said:
Those theories are open to being proved erroneous or deficient.


Sure.

In contrast religionists use a process which relies upon asserted claims of knowledge, rarely tentative,


Einstein recognised the special character of discovery he wrote, "The supreme task of the physicist is the search for those highly universal laws from which a picture of the world can be obtained by pure deduction. There is no logical path leading to these laws. They are only to be reached by intuition, based upon something like an intellectual love." If you read Eintstein or my favorite Marie Curie who discovered radium and polonium you will see science as a process which relies on asserted beliefs that are rather tentative.

most often absolute with no means of being proved false, such as the Abrahamic God exists, the afterlife exists, Jesus exists and visited the Americas etc.


This is also true for science before verification. Einsteins theories were accepted prior to verification and the critics cried foul that the theories could not be falsified. Science is replete with examples of this. Religion is not alone here marg.

As a consequence most religious claims can not be proven wrong if they were. While religion may "not have access to absolute proof of its beliefs", the beliefs are most often held as absolutely true, despite lack of evidence, despite reliance on assertions.


As in science such generalisations as this are nearly meaningless. How would go about falsifying the beauty of Shakespeare's plays? Some claims of religionists can certainly be falsified - Chirst will return to the earth by the end of this calendar year for example, others, just as in science, are discovered in differing ways as with all our beliefs. I would suggest you don't dialogue with skeptics or religionists that are held in the grips of absolute certainty. Such is nuttery. But, committed and motivated belief in a spiritual dimension that could be wrong but could be discovered is a quest I take as serious as science.

kind regards marg,

mikwut