The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

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_Droopy
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The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _Droopy »

Thanks to Gad, Moksha, bc, TD and Beastie for serious responses and questions to the OP. But, you drag an OP through a trailer park and you never know what you might dredge up. Hence, the responses of Harmony, Scratch, Kishkumen, Uncle Dale, and Mercury.

I'm going to restate the OP here and see if we can avoid the derailment, achieved within one page primarily by Scratch and his alter ego, Kishkumen, followed by Harmony.

If you want to bash and insult Droopy, please start another thread (there have been many) dedicated to that. I'll try it one more time, and then move it to the Celestial Kingdom, and see if the moderators can control the environment there a little.

Here was the OP:

At what point, or under what conditions, should "torture" be allowed, or, perhaps more to the point, under what conditions would the moral restraints and normative civilizational principles that, under most conditions, would prohibit enhanced interrogation be forced to confront a moral conflict in which not to torture becomes, when contrasted to the moral implications of torture, the morally indefensible position?

Are there any conditions whatever, under which torture should be administered for the purpose of stopping violence, and especially, mass violence, including large scale atrocities such as the 9/11 attacks, the Bali bombings etc.

As the scale of the atrocity increases, does the moral demarcation line for torture recede? In other words, in the context of WMD attacks, in which tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands could be killed/injured, is the moral weight increased in favor of torture, or does the number of lives lost have little to do with the moral questions involved?

It would seem that their are roughly two fundamental positions one could take on this issue.

1. Torture is justifiable in some circumstances, but not in others. Further, such interrogation would be limited in its severity.

2. Under no circumstances whatever should torture be used.

If one takes position 2, as do many liberals/leftists in North America, one is obliged to justify that position morally (as it is claimed to be a position grounded in moral concerns).

To do so, one would, at a minimum, I would think, have to show:

a. Upon what basis the physical, emotional, and psychological well being of a single individual (with, we will assume, murderous, violent intent on a mass scale against innocents) can be morally contrasted with the lives and suffering of thousands, tens of thousands, or hundreds of thousands and found to be in fundamental balance, such that the death/suffering of these thousands can be morally traded for the well being of the terrorist?

b. How, if the torture of a single individual, wholly dedicated to terrorism and mass murder to achieve his ends is understood to be morally indefensible, it follows that allowing the death and torture (through maiming, mutilation, and intense suffering due to wounds sustained in a terrorist attack) of many times this number of innocent human beings, by choosing, of our own free will, not to extract the information from him by any means necessary, can be, at the same time, defended as morally legitimate.

c. As I've asked time and again on MAD in several threads on this subject, and to which I have received as yet, no philosophical engagement, If you knew that a prisoner in your custody had information that could be used to thwart a terrorist attack and save thousands of lives, and you chose not to extract that information by whatever means were necessary to do so, and then the attack occurred, how would you explain your actions to:

1. Your fellow citizens, should this knowledge become public, and

2. God (if you are a theist).


Question: If there are no circumstances under which waterboarding, for our major example, should be used (and hence, by definition, nothing beyond it), then this would seem to imply that there are no greater principles or values worth defending in comparison and contrast to the avoidance of causing pain and suffering to another human being. This would include allowing , when we could have prevented, the terrorist to inflict far greater suffering on others.

For example, if you are a British or O.S.S. operative in WWII, and you have a German officer who has knowledge of a secret weapon (let's say the Germans, for the purpose of this thought experiment, had perfected the atom bomb before we did), you have a conflict of relative moral imperatives: not to torture, can be thought of as the overriding imperative or as a relative one. To act to avoid the destruction of many more lives, if torture is required, could also be the prime imperative. The second assumes that there are greater values and core principles at stake (the millions being tortured in the death camps, as contrasted against the torture of a single perpetrator of those camps, or the loss of the war, which would mean loss of national sovereignty and the destruction of our own democratic system and the imposition of the Nazi system of values upon our civilization) than those at stake in the torture of one human being, who, by definition, is not innocent but morally culpable in both the destruction and suffering already caused by WWII as well as in the situation in which he finds himself).

The ethical question now becomes, to what degree can inaction that allows the horrible death and suffering of many be morally distinguished from simple acquiescence to the death and suffering of the terrorist act you failed to prevent?

Are not those who refuse to torture, under any circumstance, in essence complicit in the terrorism they recuse themselves from preventing?

Here were the intellectually substantive responses:

From Gad:

Let's say that an innocent person who happened to be in proximity of the terrorists overheard part of their conversation, the person for whatever reason though, be it fear or just not wanting to get involved, refused to divulge anything learned. The authorities have good reason to believe that this information will be enough to prevent an attack that will lead to the suffering or death of hundreds of thousands of people. Should they proceed with torture?

Is the physical an psychological well-being of a single innocent person comparable to the needs of millions?


From Moksha:

Loran, so how would you as a member of the LDS Church reply to the questions and issues you have proposed? Would moral relativism tend to be the deciding factor?


From bc:

I think you answered your own question of certainty with your simplest answer, that of simple revenge or in other words, justice. You are talking about known and dedicated jihad warriors (some of whom have caved to "torture" and provided answers) who by definition, deserve such treatment simply because it's part of their own philosophy on how to treat others.

TD:

On another question, does God cause famines to occur? Is he not therefore a "torturer"? Isn't starving someone to death torture?




I think you answered your own question of certainty with your simplest answer, that of simple revenge or in other words, justice. You are talking about known and dedicated jihad warriors (some of whom have caved to "torture" and provided answers) who by definition, deserve such treatment simply because it's part of their own philosophy on how to treat others.

On another question, does God cause famines to occur? Is he not therefore a "torturer"? Isn't starving someone to death torture?


And Beastie:

Before this topic can be discussed meaningful, it must be irrefutably demonstrated that torture actually works in producing reliable information, AND it must be shown that information could not have been obtained without said torture.

If these two conditions cannot be met, it should be obvious why torture is immoral.


The rest of the posts (outside of Dale's, which was not insulting but was extremely difficult to read as well as being an attempt to transpose the thread into a moral assault on BY) were a rash of ad hominem attacks on me, my character, intelligence, and education, and utterly irrelevant to the OP.
Last edited by Guest on Sun May 17, 2009 7:00 pm, edited 1 time in total.
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_Droopy
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Re: The Case For Waterboarding/Torture: Redux

Post by _Droopy »

I responded to Moksha:

There is no moral relativism involved. I am not implying that morality is relative, but only that it is hierarchal.


While I didn't respond to Beastie directly, I did so through my response to Scratch:

Perhaps it is precisely because these three were the only three waterboarded, and this because they were the toughest and best trained of the lot, that it was used on them.
Nothing is going to startle us more when we pass through the veil to the other side than to realize how well we know our Father [in Heaven] and how familiar his face is to us

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Re: The Case For Waterboarding/Torture: Redux

Post by _Doctor Scratch »

Loran,

How hard is it to make your case simply and concisely? You are arguing for torture on the basis of:

1. The belief that it will save lives. I.e., if you have a suspect in custody, and know for certain that the suspect has information that will help you out, it's okay to torture.
2. For revenge. People like al Qaeda and the Nazis will slaughter people, so it's okay to torture them as a means of gaining a tactical advantage against them.
3. Because not doing anything makes us complicit with the enemy.

Yes? You want a "serious and substantive" philosophical discussion, but these last two premises are beyond silly. They are gross oversimplifications and/or morally/ethically dubious.

So, that leaves you with premise Number 1, which, as I said, is rather maddeningly vague. It is too loaded with "ifs"---i.e., "if" we know that the suspect has information; "if" the particular brand of torture will be most effective in extracting the information, etc.

Ultimately, I'm not quite sure what you're arguing for.... Simply for the right to torture whenever, and by whatever means? Or, do you embrace a more conservative approach---i.e., that torture should really only be a last resort?
"[I]f, while hoping that everybody else will be honest and so forth, I can personally prosper through unethical and immoral acts without being detected and without risk, why should I not?." --Daniel Peterson, 6/4/14
_Droopy
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Re: The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _Droopy »

Loran,

How hard is it to make your case simply and concisely? You are arguing for torture on the basis of:

1. The belief that it will save lives. I.e., if you have a suspect in custody, and know for certain that the suspect has information that will help you out, it's okay to torture.


It is permissible to use whatever means are necessary.

2. For revenge. People like al Qaeda and the Nazis will slaughter people, so it's okay to torture them as a means of gaining a tactical advantage against them.


I have made no such claim. Where are you getting this?

3. Because not doing anything makes us complicit with the enemy.


That's part of the ethical question. Does not willingly not torturing, knowing that the consequence may be the death and suffering of many innocents, make one complicit in the atrocity that actually occurs, in somewhat the same way leaving the scene of a car accident makes one complicit in the death of an occupant that could have been saved had you intervened.

Yes? You want a "serious and substantive" philosophical discussion, but these last two premises are beyond silly. They are gross oversimplifications and/or morally/ethically dubious.


Well, since you made premise 2 up, that leaves you 3, and if you think 3 is silly, I'd like to see a sustained rational agument as to why I should agree with you.
So, that leaves you with premise Number 1, which, as I said, is rather maddeningly vague. It is too loaded with "ifs"---i.e., "if" we know that the suspect has information; "if" the particular brand of torture will be most effective in extracting the information, etc.


So, if you had Khalid Mohammed, and you knew his history and ideology (which was known), would enhanced interrogation be permissible to forestall future 9/11 type attacks?
Ultimately, I'm not quite sure what you're arguing for.... Simply for the right to torture whenever, and by whatever means? Or, do you embrace a more conservative approach---i.e., that torture should really only be a last resort?


I believe I've made clear that any means necessary should be permissible as lesser means are neutralized by the personal discipline/resistance of the subject. I've also made clear that such interrogation would be used when a high probability exists that relevant information would be obtained. Why do you think only these three were ever waterboarded, and not the hundreds of other average fighters captured on the battlefield?

_________________
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Re: The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _Doctor Scratch »

Droopy wrote:
Loran,

How hard is it to make your case simply and concisely? You are arguing for torture on the basis of:

1. The belief that it will save lives. I.e., if you have a suspect in custody, and know for certain that the suspect has information that will help you out, it's okay to torture.


It is permissible to use whatever means are necessary.


No, Loran. This is yet another of your gross oversimplifications. Do you recall what Gad said on the other thread? I.e., if there is an innocent person who happened to overhear the al Qaeda operatives talking about their plans, is it justifiable to torture that person? According to you, it would be, since "it is permissible to use whatever means are necessary." What if the person is a 12-year-old girl? Torture her?

2. For revenge. People like al Qaeda and the Nazis will slaughter people, so it's okay to torture them as a means of gaining a tactical advantage against them.


I have made no such claim. Where are you getting this?


Here:

than those at stake in the torture of one human being, who, by definition, is not innocent but morally culpable in both the destruction and suffering already caused by WWII as well as in the situation in which he finds himself).



3. Because not doing anything makes us complicit with the enemy.


That's part of the ethical question. Does not willingly not torturing, knowing that the consequence may be the death and suffering of many innocents, make one complicit in the atrocity that actually occurs, in somewhat the same way leaving the scene of a car accident makes one complicit in the death of an occupant that could have been saved had you intervened.


I don't see how your analogy is relevant. Plus, for your argument to work, you would still have to show that torture is indeed a very effective means of stopping "the death and suffering of many innocents."

Yes? You want a "serious and substantive" philosophical discussion, but these last two premises are beyond silly. They are gross oversimplifications and/or morally/ethically dubious.


Well, since you made premise 2 up


I'm afraid not. It was at least implicit in your original post.

, that leaves you 3, and if you think 3 is silly, I'd like to see a sustained rational agument as to why I should agree with you.


It's silly because it doesn't make any sense. It's sort of like saying, "Well, it's my fault that global warming is melting the ice caps, since I didn't get a smog check for my car!" You are trying to boil down a complex set of circumstances into a situations that has been way oversimplified. You're saying, "We have to torture, 'cause if we don't, people might die!"

Go back to Gad's example: You have a 12-year-old girl you may have overheard something said by the terrorists. Are you going to waterboard her, or begin cutting off her fingers, just because you think it *might* save lives?

So, that leaves you with premise Number 1, which, as I said, is rather maddeningly vague. It is too loaded with "ifs"---i.e., "if" we know that the suspect has information; "if" the particular brand of torture will be most effective in extracting the information, etc.


So, if you had Khalid Mohammed, and you knew his history and ideology (which was known), would enhanced interrogation be permissible to forestall future 9/11 type attacks?


Permissible as a very last-ditch effort? I suppose so, but that doesn't seem to be what you're arguing, Loran. You see, Loran, you are arguing, in effect, that it's okay to use torture just on the basis of whim. "Well, hey, we've got this guy who has been associating with terrorists, so let's go ahead and torture him." Personally, I have a hard time envisioning a situation in which you would really and truly need to use torture.

Consider an analogy. Most of us disapprove of murder, right? And yet, I think most of us would say that, as a very last resort---defending our children, say--killing another person would be morally permissible. Likewise, if there was a truly and genuinely imminent threat (a nuclear bomb, or whatever else), I think that most people would agree that, yes, it would be morally permissible to use torture to extract the information.

But that doesn't seem to be what you're arguing, Loran. The interrogators you've been referring to were operating largely on hunches. To return to the murder analogy: what you are advocating is similar to shooting a killing the guy who lives across the street, since he's a registered sex offended, and you think he *might* do something to your kids. Or, it would be like demanding that the LDS Church open its books, since it *might* be concealing some sort of financial malfeasance.

Thus, I think you can see what's wrong with your position. You don't inflict harm on people on the basis of a guess, or based on your predictions about the future.

Ultimately, I'm not quite sure what you're arguing for.... Simply for the right to torture whenever, and by whatever means? Or, do you embrace a more conservative approach---i.e., that torture should really only be a last resort?


I believe I've made clear that any means necessary should be permissible as lesser means are neutralized by the personal discipline/resistance of the subject.


Really? Where did you make that clear? What do you consider to be "lesser means"?

I've also made clear that such interrogation would be used when a high probability exists that relevant information would be obtained.


Again, what does that mean? What standards would you use to determine that there is a "high probability...that relevant information would be obtained"? How would you know that this information could not be gotten by means other than torture?

Why do you think only these three were ever waterboarded, and not the hundreds of other average fighters captured on the battlefield?

_________________


I don't know, Loran. Perhaps because that's what the LDS shrinks advised? You tell me, Loran: what was the rationale behind waterboarding these individuals, and why was it morally permissible?
"[I]f, while hoping that everybody else will be honest and so forth, I can personally prosper through unethical and immoral acts without being detected and without risk, why should I not?." --Daniel Peterson, 6/4/14
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Re: The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _Uncle Dale »

Droopy wrote:...
At what point, or under what conditions, should "torture" be allowed...



At the point that criminal and civil law do not deem it a social wrong.

You can probably locate some country, nation or tribe on earth, whose
laws do not forbid the practice. Within those parameters, torture would
be "allowable."

However, if any of the persons responsible for such torture were to
leave the bounds of that country/nation, they might be subject to a
"higher law" and be apprehended and punished.

We might also consider the possibility of an "unjust law." Certain
USA laws in support of racial segregation were once widely enforced,
but were subsequently judged unconstitutional and/or in violation
of common law, state law, etc. Civil disobedience prompted the change.

Perhaps laws forbidding torture are unconstitutional. If so, you could
disobey them and then challenge them in the court system. If all the
verdicts were returned in your favor -- then torture would be
"allowable."

That is one sort of "higher law."

Another sort of "higher law," might come from the "living prophet" of
the LDS Church. On July 4, 1838, at Far West, Missouri, the LDS First
Presidency issued a verbal (later printed) decree of non-compliance
with the laws of the State of Missouri -- and outlining a contemplated
"war of extinction" against those Gentiles -- "to the knife."

If the LDS First Presidency today were to re-affirm that 1838 decree --
or otherwise announce that Mormons were not obligated to obey
certain "laws of the land," nor abide by the judicial process -- THEN
perhaps "torture," and a number of other actions would be deemed
"allowable" -- (by the Mormons, at least).

UD

.
-- the discovery never seems to stop --
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Re: The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _beastie »

While I didn't respond to Beastie directly, I did so through my response to Scratch:

Quote:
Perhaps it is precisely because these three were the only three waterboarded, and this because they were the toughest and best trained of the lot, that it was used on them.


Let me remind you of the points I made, because this reply does not address them at all.

My previous statement:
Before this topic can be discussed meaningful, it must be irrefutably demonstrated that torture actually works in producing reliable information, AND it must be shown that information could not have been obtained without said torture.

If these two conditions cannot be met, it should be obvious why torture is immoral.


I didn't say anything about choosing people who would likely have important information. To justify the morality of torture, you must demonstrate that torture consistently provides reliable information, and you must demonstrate that it would not have been possible to obtain that information without resorting to torture.
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Re: The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _Kishkumen »

beastie wrote:Let me remind you of the points I made, because this reply does not address them at all....I didn't say anything about choosing people who would likely have important information. To justify the morality of torture, you must demonstrate that torture consistently provides reliable information, and you must demonstrate that it would not have been possible to obtain that information without resorting to torture.


I almost feel sorry for Drippy, what with him constantly failing to read other people's posts properly, and it being pointed out to him, all to no apparent effect, since he just keeps right on misreading.

Could it be that he has a reading disability of some kind? Am I cruelly poking fun at someone who possesses a bona fide disability? Please let me know, Drip, because that is the last thing I want to do. I would feel terrible about it.
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Re: The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _JohnStuartMill »

Droopy wrote:Thanks to Gad, Moksha, bc, TD and Beastie for serious responses and questions to the OP. But, you drag an OP through a trailer park and you never know what you might dredge up. Hence, the responses of Harmony, Scratch, Kishkumen, Uncle Dale, and Mercury.

I'm going to restate the OP here and see if we can avoid the derailment, achieved within one page primarily by Scratch and his alter ego, Kishkumen, followed by Harmony.

If you want to bash and insult Droopy, please start another thread (there have been many) dedicated to that. I'll try it one more time, and then move it to the Celestial Kingdom, and see if the moderators can control the environment there a little.

Here was the OP:

At what point, or under what conditions, should "torture" be allowed, or, perhaps more to the point, under what conditions would the moral restraints and normative civilizational principles that, under most conditions, would prohibit enhanced interrogation be forced to confront a moral conflict in which not to torture becomes, when contrasted to the moral implications of torture, the morally indefensible position?

Are there any conditions whatever, under which torture should be administered for the purpose of stopping violence, and especially, mass violence, including large scale atrocities such as the 9/11 attacks, the Bali bombings etc.

As the scale of the atrocity increases, does the moral demarcation line for torture recede? In other words, in the context of WMD attacks, in which tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands could be killed/injured, is the moral weight increased in favor of torture, or does the number of lives lost have little to do with the moral questions involved?

It would seem that their are roughly two fundamental positions one could take on this issue.

1. Torture is justifiable in some circumstances, but not in others. Further, such interrogation would be limited in its severity.

2. Under no circumstances whatever should torture be used.

If one takes position 2, as do many liberals/leftists in North America, one is obliged to justify that position morally (as it is claimed to be a position grounded in moral concerns).

To do so, one would, at a minimum, I would think, have to show:

a. Upon what basis the physical, emotional, and psychological well being of a single individual (with, we will assume, murderous, violent intent on a mass scale against innocents) can be morally contrasted with the lives and suffering of thousands, tens of thousands, or hundreds of thousands and found to be in fundamental balance, such that the death/suffering of these thousands can be morally traded for the well being of the terrorist?

b. How, if the torture of a single individual, wholly dedicated to terrorism and mass murder to achieve his ends is understood to be morally indefensible, it follows that allowing the death and torture (through maiming, mutilation, and intense suffering due to wounds sustained in a terrorist attack) of many times this number of innocent human beings, by choosing, of our own free will, not to extract the information from him by any means necessary, can be, at the same time, defended as morally legitimate.
Then you believe that the ends justify the means? That's an interesting ethical position, and I agree with your analysis up to this point. But I don't think you're being sincere.

Here were the intellectually substantive responses:

From Gad:

Let's say that an innocent person who happened to be in proximity of the terrorists overheard part of their conversation, the person for whatever reason though, be it fear or just not wanting to get involved, refused to divulge anything learned. The authorities have good reason to believe that this information will be enough to prevent an attack that will lead to the suffering or death of hundreds of thousands of people. Should they proceed with torture?

Is the physical an psychological well-being of a single innocent person comparable to the needs of millions?

This is a great response, actually. Earlier, you appealed to the prevention of suffering of WMD attack victims as justification for torture. Now, this appeal is swept under the rug, even though it quite obviously still applies. You need to account for this discrepancy.

And Beastie:

Before this topic can be discussed meaningful, it must be irrefutably demonstrated that torture actually works in producing reliable information, AND it must be shown that information could not have been obtained without said torture.

If these two conditions cannot be met, it should be obvious why torture is immoral.
I think beastie's hypothetical conclusion that torture would not be immoral is premature, but it is true that if torture does not lead to reliable information, then the defense that you have used no longer works.
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Re: The Case For Enhanced Interrogation: Redux

Post by _beastie »

I think beastie's hypothetical conclusion that torture would not be immoral is premature, but it is true that if torture does not lead to reliable information, then the defense that you have used no longer works.


I think you meant my conclusion that torture WOULD be immoral.

I guess it depends on how one defines "immoral". If it cannot be demonstrated that torture leads to reliable information, AND that information could not have been obtained without torture, then the torture exists only to inflict pain. I guess it's debatable whether or not that's moral, but it seems pretty clear to me that it would be immoral under most understandings of the word.
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