Wisdom Seeker wrote:Has the restored church always given 12 year old boys the priesthood? What about the ancient church, were there 12 year old deacons then too? Is it also true that Jesus setup the first Relief Society?
No, deacons were adults. And technically the deacons were not viewed as having the 'priesthood' in the sense that the presbyters/bishops had it. The priesthood was associated with the authority to offer up the Eucharist (LDS sacrament) and was exclusive to the elders and bishops. From the Apostolic Tradition of Hippolytus (~200AD):
"When one ordains a deacon, he is chosen according to what has been said above, with only the bishop laying on his hand in the same manner. In the ordination of a deacon, only the bishop lays on his hand, because the deacon is not ordained to the priesthood, but to the service of the bishop, to do that which he commands. For he is not part of the council of the clergy, but acts as a manager, and reports to the bishop what is necessary. He does not receive the spirit common to the elders, which the elders share, but that which is entrusted to him under the bishop's authority. This is why only the bishop makes a deacon."
About an ancient Relief Society, there is no evidence that I am aware of. The closest thing would probably be groups of widows and virgins who devoted themselves to prayer and service. From Hippolytus again:
"When a widow is appointed, she is not ordained, but is chosen by name. If her husband has been dead a long time, she is appointed. If it has not been a long time since her husband died, she may not be trusted. If, however, she is old, let her be tested for a time. For often the passions grow old with those who give them a place in themselves. The widow is appointed by word alone, and then may join the rest of the widows. Do not lay hands upon her, for she does not offer the oblation, nor does she have a liturgical duty. Ordination is for the clergy because of liturgical duty. The widow is appointed because of prayer, which is a duty for all."