With Golden Visions Bright Before Them: Trails to the Mining

[_Joe Geisner]

This is quite a review for Will Bagley's spectacular book. I am hoping this book will bring Will a Bancroft award. Will has won every other major western history award and clearly deserves to be recognized for his great work. Hopefully this is the year. We are lucky that Will was willing to tackle Mormon history and write such spectacular books like Blood of the Prophets and Mormon Rebellion. I know he changed my understanding of the American west and gave me a greater appreciation for the Mormon sojourn in the west. Thank you Will for be a indefatigable historian.

The review was written by Gaylord Dold and was first published in The Wichita Eagle January 26, 2013
http://www.kansas.com/2013/01/26/265202 ... -gold.html

Bagley, Will. ,
1849-1852 (Volume 2 Overland West Series: The Story of the Oregon and California Trails),
University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 2012, 480pp, 36 illus., 5maps ($45).

That there was placer gold in California’s Sierra Nevada was no secret to the many Californios who had found it in San Feliciano Canyon during 1842. Even the sight of a glittering nugget of the stuff in the trailrace of a sawmill James Marshall was building in January, 1848, was nothing new either, and nothing much happened about it until a wily trader named Samuel Brannan charged up Montgomery Street in San Francisco on May 10 of that year, waving a bottle of gold dust above his head and shouting, “Gold! Gold from the American River!”

Then, when Colonel Richard Mason, military governor of California under American suzerainty sent a tea caddy containing 230 ounces of gold (more than fourteen pounds!) to the War Department in Washington, rumors were confirmed that gold in California would pay for the Mexican War more than a hundred times over. Feisty, imperial President James Polk exulted in the news. “The Mississippi,” he said, “so lately the frontier of our country, is now only the center.” America went gold crazy and the rush was on.

Brilliantly told with an abundance of extraordinary detail, With Golden Visions Bright Before Them builds on Will Bagley’s magnificent first volume of the Overland West Series, to bring readers an unparalleled heroic epic more complex, challenging and contentious than simple legend has ever had it. Bagley’s access to primary source materials is itself heroic---the author consulted more than 500 new personal letters, journals, government documents, newspaper reports and folk accounts and apparently examined a horde of paintings, drawings and renderings, many in private collections never seen. To capture a sense of the journey and its terrain, main trails, side trails, cut-offs and dead-ends , Bagley follows the western trek of Forty-niners and Oregon-bound soldiers and settlers in a mile-by-mile account of exhilaration, suffering, sacrifice and often death.

The gold rush began a new era in overland trail history which saw nearly a quarter million people undertake the journey, most of them during 1849-52, going to California via the Humboldt River, then up and over the Sierras at Donner or Carson passes. Most of the sojourners were men, many of them footloose vagabonds, younger sons with no hope of inheriting property, avaricious no-goods, brigands, even downright thieves and cutthroats. Others, a significant number, were professional men like lawyers and physicians. Tradesmen of every kind joined the rush for gold, including carpenters, chemists, blacksmiths, wagon-makers and merchants. Most traveled in “companies” of a dozen wagons or more, usually organized in military-style with leaders and scouts, though this organizational structure usually broke down on account of intemperance, sour luck or disease. Writing from the Star Brilliant Company No. 1 (which set out from Council Bluffs early on in the rush), Hagan Z. Ludington wrote, “I have seen a great deal of the gold brought from there and our prospects are very flattering for our pockets to be full of the gold dust.”

Portentously, a cholera epidemic was sweeping up the Mississippi River Valley in early 1848. Three months after he left office, President Polk was dead in Tennessee, and the disease that killed him crept up the valley, killing thousands in the unhealthy river towns. Cholera swept through the hordes of gold seekers, who carried it to the Plains Indian Tribes. The vast epidemic of 1849 was only a harbinger of things to come for them. Because of cholera, Indians gave the travelers a wide berth for many years. Of the 100,000 or so who crossed to California in 1849-52, perhaps 5,000 died from disease. Most were disappointed in what they found, many returned quickly, some disappeared from their families forever---fathers, sons, brothers, husbands.

Bagley’s grand work is eloquent---“Going to see the elephant!” became synonymous with going to California (some saw only the tail and some didn’t like the elephant when they saw it). No aspect of trail life escapes Bagley’s sharp eye--- clothes, equipment, wagons (wagons were colorfully decorated in pink, red, green and blue paint, most with slogans sloshed on the canvas), family life, music, religion, disease, hardship, trading, Indian encounters, thievery and a multitude of other topics. Who knew, for example, that the Howe Circus tried to organize a camel expedition to California? What are we to make of the husband who walked twelve miles back across the Carson Pass to find the family dog who’d gone missing, found him, and returned days later with the mutt to their wagon train? How are we to judge the many Forty-niners who paused in the Nevada desert to kill a few Paiutes (emigrants called them Diggers) for sport?

California’s gold financed the Civil War and created capitalism as we know it. By 1884 hydraulic miners had poured 1.6 billion cubic yards of sediment into the state’s waterways and produced 30 million cubic yards of tailings. Mercury used to process sand and gravel scooped from river channels and flood plains left about 4 billion cubic yards of debris heaped alongside streams. Spread a foot deep, such debris would cover an area the size of Connecticut.

Bagley’s deeply enjoyable history is thus tinged with horrific disaster, wherein the American Dream for the first time comes to include the idea that it is our birthright to get rich quick. As Bagley writes, “The notion that anyone ever learns anything from history is dubious, but that does not prevent the past from lighting the way to a more just, tolerant and sustainable future.”

That’s one elephant Americans haven’t seen yet.