Willful Ignorance of Evolution?

The catch-all forum for general topics and debates. Minimal moderation. Rated PG to PG-13.
Post Reply
_dartagnan
_Emeritus
Posts: 2750
Joined: Sun Dec 31, 2006 4:27 pm

Post by _dartagnan »

Wow.

Still no direct answers. Just head shaking from Trevor, promises of forthcoming answers from EA, and now beastie's backhanded comment that I'm uneducated. Tarski seems to be answering a question I never asked, which is why are we less likely to change our paradigm and absorb witty analogies that explain why evolution must be true.

With the exception of Tarski, this is essentially how religious people act among themselves when they outnumber critics who dare question a presupposition they hold sacrosanct, even though it becomes perfectly obvious none of them can prove what they're saying. I see frustration within a different kind of flock, but no less religious. I don't see confidence, I see arrogance. I don't see detailed scientific proofs, I see a lot of speculation presented as a matter of fact.

This is what I suspected would happen, but nothing changes the fact that nobody here has provided an answer to my questions. And I can already see the burden is gradually being shifted as I'm now being asked questions to justify a religious position. If evolutionis true, it should stand on its own merits. It shouldn't have to win out by comparison to a weaker theory, like the account of Genesis.

Particularly since the topic here is ignorance of evolution, what I'd like to see is your explanation of the assertions you've "heard", and why they are not remotely plausible.

Why should I go through the monotonous effort of outlining what other articles have said when I have higly intelligent, well read pro-evolutionists on this forum who could just as easily answer the questions? Why the defensive reaction and sarcasm to simple questions? Just maybe the "willful ignorance" by creationists has something to do with your attitudes? From what I can sense, some people are too embarrassed to come right out with it and say, "Hey, I don't understand any of this scientific jargon and all this genetic mish mash... can someone explain to me in simple terms how evolution answers questions X,Y and Z?" And now, given the reactions by the pro-evolutionists on this forum, I understand why they'd prefer to stay in a state of ignorance. It seems the chick skit presented earlier on this thread has quickly become a reality. It is ironic because at the same time pro-evolutionists ridiculed it as a misrepresentation of reality.

Now, I said I have yet to hear a plausible explanation as to why humans evolved the way they did. I know the mechanisms behind evolution are Natural Selection and Adaptation. I know that these cannot explain the existence of all life on earth. In materialistic theory, all life came from a single cell organism that was created from nonorganic matter billions of years ago after the big bang.

I have already illustrated the logical improbability of this scenario elsewhere. Dead matter doesn't become live by natural means and to assert otherwise requires more explanation than just saying it does. A marble table will never become conscious of itself no matter what kind of chemical hurricane you put it through. If you think it will, then you are no different from a Mormon who believes that one day Zarahemla will be uncovered. It is all based on faith, not evidence.

Dawkins explains the origin of life thusly:

"The origin of life was the chemical event, or series of events, whereby the vital conditions for natural selection first came about." But this is incoherent, if for no other reason, because natural selection involves multiple organisms.

Dawkins continues: "Once the vital ingredient - some kind of genetic molecule - is in place, true Darwinian natural selection can follow." But how did this "vital ingredient" appear from nowhere?

According to Dawkins, "Scientists invoke the magic of large numbers... The beauty of the anthropic principle is that it tells us, against all intuition, that a chemical model need only predict that life will arise on one planet in a billion billion to give us a good and entirely satisfying explanation for the presence of life here."

Given this type of reasoning, anything we desire should exist somewhere if we just "invoke the magic of large numbers." Unicorns must also have existed at some point in time. The only requirement is a "chemical model" that "need only predict" these occurring "on one planet in a billion billion."

I would also be very interested in how you've educated yourself on the subject

By reading. On most subjects I can expect educated posters to provide educated explanations for any given position on the relevant forums. But when it comes to evolution, there remains a divide of understanding because of the contempt and arrogance demonstrated by its adherents. I mean just look at what's taking place here. I'm not too proud to admit I don't understand all of it, but you guys are more than happy to point out any "ignorance" or "miseducation" on my part simply because I don't immediately convert to your belief system at the slightest effort by your esteemed missionar, er, I mean scientists. And yes, I knew exactly what I was in for when I started to question evolution here (note, I didn't say I rejected it - I merely questioned some of its premises to show that it is not the most solid of theories). Obviously most people here don't understand much of any of this, including those who accept it for anti-religious purposes.

So to remedy that would you prefer to sit back, ignore sincere questions, and mock everyone who doesn't agree? What purpose will that serve other than to stroke your already well massaged egos? Why is it so hard to simply admit there are huge holes in the evolution theory as an explanation for all life on earth? Even Wolpert had to admit that, "the origin of life itself, the evolution of the miraculous cell from which all living things evolved, is still poorly understood." He was not referring to creationists on internet forums. He was referring to scientists in the academic community. The fact is, this is also "poorly understood" by those who uphold it. But they believe it to be true anyway. This sounds kinda like how Mormons believe in an eternal regression of gods, even though they cannot explain the soundness of it.

And, by the way, it feels like you're pulling teeth to you because the nuances in the responses being given are totally lost on you.

No, it doesn't "seem" that way at all, and the fact that you would even say this makes me think you're not nearly as educated on the subject as you would have us believe. Why can't you answer the simple question? I have understood what has been put forth on this forum, well enough to know none of you have directly answered the question.

EA has come the closest to answering this but he has not provided any specific evidence that this is actually what happened, nor has he been able to tell us what "ecological pressures" could have caused the evolution of humans.

What factors do we know of for sure? We don't. All we have is a theory that is supported with a ton of speculation as to what conditions might have caused this and that evolution. Once these conditions can be fathomed in the mind, it is then assumed that this is what must have happened simply because a scientific model says it could have. And of course, add a dash of "magic of large numbers" to the recipe and you can pretty much push any imaginable theory over on minds less willing to think critically, or too willing to bash religion. Well, I'm not so easily manipulated with rhetoric.
“All knowledge of reality starts from experience and ends in it...Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality." - Albert Einstein
_EAllusion
_Emeritus
Posts: 18519
Joined: Tue Dec 04, 2007 12:39 pm

Post by _EAllusion »

I am answering your original question Kevin. I'm refusing to let you change the subject until I see some indication that you have acknowledged and understood the answer.
_dartagnan
_Emeritus
Posts: 2750
Joined: Sun Dec 31, 2006 4:27 pm

Post by _dartagnan »

EA you seem to be focusing on the "how come there are still apes?" question.

I get that now, but I am now focusing on the more specific question regarding human evolution.

I get the principle. I know what you're saying. You're saying that ecological pressures made humans evolve the way they did.

I'm saying this would be more believable if science could provide some examples that made sense.

For example, how does natural selection explain the drastic reduction in a human's body strength when compared to his prehistoric ancestors? What about variations in facial features, eye color, lighter skin, drastic reduction in body hair, drastic increase in intelligence, ability to create, dominate the earth, the moon, etc? I am asking you which ecological factors took place, and what specific changes did they cause. You don't know. You just know that is how it must have played itself out... because? Because it beats the silly garden of eden story?

It is too easy to say all of this just takes place over millions of billions of years because of ecological factors that we know nothing about.

Do we really know this happened like this?

How much of it is proven and how much of it is speculation to easy our frustration with a mystery?
Last edited by Guest on Wed Apr 30, 2008 12:11 pm, edited 1 time in total.
“All knowledge of reality starts from experience and ends in it...Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality." - Albert Einstein
_EAllusion
_Emeritus
Posts: 18519
Joined: Tue Dec 04, 2007 12:39 pm

Post by _EAllusion »

By reading.


Reading what? Refereed journals on issues related to evolutionary biology? One of Futuyma's college appropriate texts on evolutionary biology? Popscience books by people like Edward Larson and Carl Zimmer? Something else?
_EAllusion
_Emeritus
Posts: 18519
Joined: Tue Dec 04, 2007 12:39 pm

Post by _EAllusion »

I get the principle. I know what you're saying. You're saying that ecological pressures made humans evolve the way they did.


No, I'm saying that populations split, which is why there can still be A if B came from A. One of the things that drives A's to be different from B's in life is ecological pressures - competition for food being a classic example. The reason why "how come there are still apes" has intuitive appeal to some people is because they incorrectly imagine evolution as a pure linear process where all of A becomes B becomes C and so on. Otherwise they see evolution as some inevitable progress from lower to higher organisms with humans as the higher and what came before them as lower. Hence, they can't see why everything didn't progress and ask silly questions like "what is preventing them?" This is a sub-high school understanding of evolutionary theory, which is why people will expect rank ignorance when they see someone expressing it.
Last edited by Guest on Wed Apr 30, 2008 12:31 pm, edited 3 times in total.
_EAllusion
_Emeritus
Posts: 18519
Joined: Tue Dec 04, 2007 12:39 pm

Post by _EAllusion »

For example, how does natural selection explain the drastic reduction in a human's body strength when compared to his prehistoric ancestors? What about variations in facial features, eye color, lighter skin, drastic reduction in body hair, drastic increase in intelligence, ability to create, dominate the earth, the moon, etc? I am asking you which ecological factors took place, and what specific changes did they cause. You don't know. You just know that is how it must have played itself out... because? Because it beats the silly garden of eden story?


Like most people, I think neotany is the proper route to understand the suite of traits you are talking about. As for how we know humans evolved, that has to do with multiple independent lines of evidence from morphology to genetics, which I suppose could be discussed if that is what you are trying to get at. There really are separate questions here. We don't understanding the full, exact history of the evolution of everything if that is what you are looking for. But we don't need that anymore than we need to know the trajectory of each bullet to know WWII occured.

Something that is really compelling to people at first sight is an obvious cut and paste job in our chromosomes compared to our close evolutionary relatives. I believe Ken Miller brought it up in the Dover trial because of how easy it is to see as a piece of evidence. Would you like to discuss something like that?
_dartagnan
_Emeritus
Posts: 2750
Joined: Sun Dec 31, 2006 4:27 pm

Post by _dartagnan »

No, I'm saying that populations split, which is why there can still be A if B came from A. One of the things that drives A's to be different from B's in life is ecological pressures - competition for food being a classic example.

Right, and that explains why ape-like creatures would still exist. In theory, humans, for whatever reason, migrated out of the forrest and for some apparently inexplicable ecological reasons, became intelligent, physically weaker, light skinned, taller, more emotional, etc. This happened because one group migrated away from the other and billions of years of gradual change made us become what we are today. That's the scientific explanation in a nutshell.
As for how we know humans evolved, that has to do with multiple independent lines of evidence from morphology to genetics, which I suppose could be discussed if that is what you are trying to get at.

Absolutely. What is the evidence that we know of? Aside from speculations about ecological effects on our prehistoric ancestors, what hard genetic evidence do we have that we morphed into what we are today?
We don't understanding the full, exact history of the evolution of everything if that is what you are looking for. But we don't need that anymore than we need to know the trajectory of each bullet to know WWII occured.

Don't you think you're exagerrating a bit? I mean we cannot illustrate the trajectory of any bullet can we? Didn't you say the trajectory is dependant on ecological factors? If ecological factors are unpredictable, then so must be its trajectory.
Something that is really compelling to people at first sight is an obvious cut and paste job in our chromosomes compared to our close evolutionary relatives. I believe Ken Miller brought it up in the Dover trial because of how easy it is to see as a piece of evidence. Would you like to discuss something like that?

Sure.
“All knowledge of reality starts from experience and ends in it...Propositions arrived at by purely logical means are completely empty as regards reality." - Albert Einstein
_EAllusion
_Emeritus
Posts: 18519
Joined: Tue Dec 04, 2007 12:39 pm

Post by _EAllusion »

The trajectory of bullets is predictable, and if we knew enough about the physics of the planet, we could retrace the trajectory of each bullet in WW II. It's just that we don't need to do this to know WW II occurred. The problem is with standard of proof.

As for the "cut and paste" bit of evidence, I hunted down a quick explanation here:

Below, I have assembled a series of references and abstracts that document striking evidence for the common ancestry of humans and the great apes independently of the usual paleontological, morphological, and molecular phylogenetic data that we usually see. I first became aware of this through some postings on the internet of Clark Dorman and Don Lindsay.

When one looks at the chromosomes of humans and the living great apes (orangutan, gorilla, and chimpanzee), it is immediately apparent that there is a great deal of similarity between the number and overall appearance of the chromosomes across the four different species. Yes, there are differences (and I will be addressing these), but the overall similarity is striking. The four species have a similar number of chromosomes, with the apes all having 24 pairs, and humans having 23 pairs. References 1 and 2 each contain high resolution photomicrographs and diagrams showing the similarity of the chromosomes between the four species (ref. 1 only covers humans and chimpanzees, ref. 2 covers all 4 species). Furthermore, these diagrams show the similarity of the chromosomes in that every one of 1,000 nonheterochromatic G-bands has been accounted for in the four species. That means that each non-heterochromatic band has been located in each species. (I hope to add a scan of the full sets of chromosomes for all four species in the very near future. In the meantime I'll have to make do with a couple of examples of the most rearranged chromosomes that Don Lindsay has posted.)

Creationists will be quick to point out that despite the similarities, there are differences in the chromosomal banding patterns and the number of chromosomes. Furthermore, they will claim that the similarities are due to a common designer rather than common ancestry. Let's address the differences first, and then we will see if we can tease apart the conflicting scenarios of common ancestry vs. a common designer.

The following observations can be made about similarities and differences among the four species. Except for differences in non genetic heterochromatin, chromosomes 6, 13, 19, 21, 22, and X have identical banding patterns in all four species. Chromosomes 3, 11, 14, 15, 18, 20, and Y look the same in three of the four species (those three being gorilla, chimps, and humans), and chromosomes 1, 2p, 2q, 5, 7 - 10, 12, and 16 are alike in two species. Chromosomes 4 and 17 are different among all 4 species.

Most of the chromosomal differences among the four species involve inversions - localities on the chromosome that have been inverted, or swapped end for end. This is a relatively common occurrence among many species, and has been documented in humans (Ref. 8 ). An inversion usually does not reduce fertility, as in the case I have referenced. Don Lindsay provides a diagram of the chromosome 5 inversion between chimpanzees and humans scanned from ref. 1. Note how all of the bands between the two chromosomes will line up perfectly if you flip the middle piece of either of the two chromosomes between the p14.I and q14.I marks. The similarity of the marks will include a match for position, number, and intensity (depth of staining). Similar rearrangements to this can explain all of the approximately 1000 non-heterochromatic bands observed among each of the four species for these three properties (band position, number, and intensity).

Other types of rearrangements include a few translocations (parts swapped among the chromosomes), and the presence or absence of nucleolar organizers. All of these differences are described in ref. 2 and can be observed to be occurring in modern populations.

The biggest single chromosomal rearrangement among the four species is the unique number of chromosomes (23 pairs) found in humans as opposed to the apes (24 pairs). Examining this difference will allow us to see some of the differences expected between common ancestry as opposed to a common designer and address the second creationist objection listed above.

There are two potential naturalistic explanations for the difference in chromosome numbers - either a fusion of two separate chromosomes occurred in the human line, or a fission of a chromosome occurred among the apes. The evidence favors a fusion event in the human line. One could imagine that the fusion is only an apparent artifact of the work of a designer or the work of nature (due to common ancestry). The common ancestry scenario presents two predictions. Since the chromosomes were apparently joined end to end, and the ends of chromosomes (called the telomere ) have a distinctive structure from the rest of the chromosome, there may be evidence of this structure in the middle of human chromosome 2 where the fusion apparently occurred. Also, since both of the chromosomes that hypothetically were fused had a centromere (the distinctive central part of the chromosome), we should see some evidence of two centromeres.


Human Chromosome 2 and its analogs in the apes - from Yunis, J. J., Prakash, O., The origin of man: a chromosomal pictorial legacy. Science, Vol 215, 19 March 1982, pp. 1525 - 1530Image

The first prediction (evidence of a telomere at the fusion point) is shown to be true in reference 3 . Telomeres in humans have been shown to consist of head to tail repeats of the bases 5'TTAGGG running toward the end of the chromosome. Furthermore, there is a characteristic pattern of the base pairs in what is called the pre-telomeric region, the region just before the telomere. When the vicinity of chromosome 2 where the fusion is expected to occur (based on comparison to chimp chromosomes 2p and 2q) is examined, we see first sequences that are characteristic of the pre-telomeric region, then a section of telomeric sequences, and then another section of pre-telomeric sequences. Furthermore, in the telomeric section, it is observed that there is a point where instead of being arranged head to tail, the telomeric repeats suddenly reverse direction - becoming (CCCTAA)3' instead of 5'(TTAGGG), and the second pre-telomeric section is also the reverse of the first telomeric section. This pattern is precisely as predicted by a telomere to telomere fusion of the chimpanzee (ancestor) 2p and 2q chromosomes, and in precisely the expected location. Note that the CCCTAA sequence is the reversed complement of TTAGGG (C pairs with G, and T pairs with A).

The second prediction - remnants of the 2p and 2q centromeres is documented in reference 4. The normal centromere found on human chromosome 2 lines up with the 2p chimp chromosome, and the remnants of the 2q chromosome is found at the expected location based upon the banding pattern.

Some may raise the objection that if the fusion was a naturalistic event, how could the first human ancestor with the fusion have successfully reproduced? We have all heard that the horse and the donkey produce an infertile mule in crossing because of a different number of chromosomes in the two species. Well, apparently there is more to the story than we are usually told, because variations in chromosome number are known to occur in many different animal species, and although they sometimes seem to lead to reduced fertility, this is often not the case. Refs 5, 6, and 7 document both the existence of such chromosomal number differences and the fact that differences do not always result in reduced fertility. I can provide many more similar references if required. The last remaining species of wild horse, Przewalski's (sha-val-skis) Wild Horse has 66 chromosomes while the domesticated horse has 64 chromosomes. Despite this difference in chromosome number, Przewalski's Wild Horse and the domesticated horse can be crossed and do produce fertile offspring (see reference 9).

Now, the question has to be asked - if the similarities of the chromosomes are due only to common design rather than common ancestry, why are the remnants of a telomere and centromere (that should never have existed) found at exactly the positions predicted by a naturalistic fusion of the chimp ancestor chromosomes 2p and 2q?

Another chromosomal rearrangement has recently been discovered, this one shared both by humans and chimpanzees, but not found in any of the other monkeys or apes that were tested. This rearrangement was the movement of about 100,000 DNA pairs from human chromosome 1 to the Y chromosome10. See "The Promise of Comparative Genomics in Mammals" Science, Oct. 1999 to learn how similar chromosomal comparisons are being used to map the evolutionary relationships of all living mammals.


http://www.gate.net/~rwms/EvoEvidence.html

I think it is worth noting that this is just one small piece of the puzzle that was discovered well after other lines of evidence had indicated evolution. This is what you'd expect on an evolutionary hypothesis. It also helps to understand how the evolutionary relationships based on shared inversions and translocations corresponds to evolutionary relationships as predicted by other things like morphological similarity or molecular similarity in the genome. (My only quibble with this source is that anything is consistent with a "common designer" hypothesis, including this cut and paste arrangement. That's part of the problem.)

As for other kinds of genetic evidence, this essay is useful:

http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/molgen/
_truth dancer
_Emeritus
Posts: 4792
Joined: Tue Oct 24, 2006 12:40 pm

Post by _truth dancer »

Hey Kevin... I'm so NOT a scientist but here are the answers to your questions! (smile)

Why humans don’t have hair:

When humans moved onto the Savanna and began to experience extreme heat, less hair would help them adapt to their environment. It also reduced the infestation of various tics and insects on the body.

Why humans have bigger brains:

When humans living near the sea began to eat “brain food”, shell fish, clams, frogs, etc. etc., their brains began to grow larger due to DHA and the Omega 3 EFA.

Why do humans have different color eyes?

Darker eyes evolved in those human groups who live closer to the equator because dark eyes are less sensitive to light. The farther away from the equator you get the lighter the eye color. (Same with skin) All about adaptation.

Why upright posture?

Standing upright and running on two legs seems an adaption beneficial for surviving on the open plains. The faster one can run the better hunter he/she will be and the more easily he/she can escape predators. The upper body strength of a primate who needs to swing from tree to tree is no longer needed.

Anything else I can help you with this morning? ;-)

~dancer~
"The search for reality is the most dangerous of all undertakings for it destroys the world in which you live." Nisargadatta Maharaj
_EAllusion
_Emeritus
Posts: 18519
Joined: Tue Dec 04, 2007 12:39 pm

Post by _EAllusion »

On an aside, I think it is worth nothing that the same molecular techniques used to understand relatedness between populations of humans is used just the same between species. The same reasoning applies. I don't know how Kevin interacts with DNA and the Book of Mormon arguments, but molecular phylogeny between and within species is no different.
Post Reply