Tarski wrote:At the risk of coming off as a jerk, let me explain something to you guys.
Suppose we ask for the real meaning of a word. I think we can all agree that the dictionary doesn't settle things perfectly. Presumably, since the meaning of words change because usage changes, someone who writes a dictionary cannot always just appeal to a previously existing dictionary. Not only that but it is implausible that a few lines can completely capture all semantically relevant facts about current usage.
The meaning of a word is based on usage but even that needs qualification for the simple reason that we all know that there is a such a thing as a commonly misunderstood or misused word. How do we decide between the case where a meaning has changed because usage has changed and the case where a word is just commonly misunderstood. We could try to appeal to "educated" usage but part of what makes one educated is whether one uses words correctly. Thus there seems to be a chance of circularity.
How do we decide whether in a given case people tend to misuse a word or if rather that very usage determines the meaning?
This is the difference between descriptive and prescriptive grammar.
Tarski wrote:So what is the case?
Most people align unilaterally with descriptive grammar, with the understanding that why someone uses a certain word in a certain way can determine whether or not something is really correct. For instance, "irregardless" is a pretty common word, even though it technically means the exact opposite of what it is used to mean. It comes from the conflation of the synonyms "irrespective" and "regardless." People use it because they confuse two different words. Because of the background of its usage, few grammarians, even descriptive grammarians, would insist it is correct. It's still in many dictionaries, though, usually listed as "non-standard."
Tarski wrote:Sorry but there is no fact of the matter. The meanings of words simply do not have hard edges even if some words are more definite than others. On top of that words, can have several meanings at once which often shade off into each other. Fuzziness and variation in both time an space can be expected. Formerly incorrect usage can become correct usage over time and there is no definite line we can draw to say when it happened.
I am afraid that while the word atheist serves us well in most circumstances, we are never going to find the true perfectly clear univalent meaning of the word because it just doesn't have one--at least when viewed microscopically.
My point is that we would simply be better off simply clarifying our intentions conversation by conversation should any question arise rather than engaging in protracted debates about one true meaning of a word.
Why not use clarifying language such as "in this instance, by atheist I mean...". One can afford to add a personal stipulative component to the definition of a word, if that helps with making one's intentions clearer.
I think that's an appropriate way to go about it. Of course, in this context it would mean answering the question, "Is everyone born an atheist" by appealing to a definition asserted first and only by those who insist everyone is born an atheist. It's a species of begging the question.