Exiled wrote:And that's a good example of why one has to be careful with "Qui Bono." The fact that Bush et al used 911 as an excuse to take military action doesn't mean they caused 911.
Res Ipsa:
Motive is an important area of criminal law and civil law investigations, as you undoubtedly know. Qui bono should always be asked in my opinion because motive seems to be the driving factor behind crime and other civil wrongs. It should be one of the first areas looked at when rounding up suspects. Why do you think the highjackers crashed the planes into the buildings? Obviously they had a motive, right? Osama Bin Laden had a motive and probably that was why he was the prime suspect within hours of 9/11. Qui bono seems to have led the way on accusing Bin Laden by Bush and others. When an older man dies suddenly and under suspicious circumstances and has a $2 Mil life insurance policy and has a young wife, shouldn't she be at least questioned? However, if she has a good alibi and another person looks like a better suspect, then one can move on. But one still questions the wife. Bush was a complete moron and so if he had been involved it was merely as a stage actor giving lines. Anyway, he was too stupid to have done 9/11.
Exiled, you keep arguing with me as if I said Cui Bono is always a fallacy. Qui Bono is properly used to generate a list of potential suspects when you have evidence that a crime has been committed. It is used improperly when offered as evidence that a crime was committed or to identify members of a conspiracy absent evidence that there is an actual conspiracy in the first place.
I’ve assisted insurance companies with arson investigations. Being upside down on your mortgage is a motive to burn your house down. If I’m upside down on my mortgage and my house burns down, Cui Bono? Me.
But people whose mortgage is upside down also have accidental fires that burn down their houses. And their odds of having an accidental fire are the same as everyone else’s.
So, my house burns down. You discover I’m lots better off financially. It would be a misuse of Cui Bono to use the financial benefit to me as evidence that I burned the house down. Why? Because you have no reason to believe that the fire was intentional.
Now, assume you hire a competent fire investigator who performs a professionally competent fire investigation and concludes that the fire was intentionally set. Now Cui Bono can be appropriately used to compile a list of potential suspects. But it still would be improper to use Cui Bono as evidence that I burned my house down. Why? Because there are people who burn somebody else’s house down, and the odds of that happening to me are the same as those for anyone else.
So now you have to do two things. You have to investigate whether there was anyone else with motive. And you have to look for evidence that connects each person with motive to the setting of the fire. Where was I when the fire was set? Could I have been at the scene when the fire was set? Was I supposed to be at work but didn’t show up? Was I captured on a security camera 1000 miles away? Did I rent a storage unit the day before the fire and move a bunch of possessions from the house to the unit? Did someone see me or anyone else at the house?
You might be tempted to skip this last step by claiming I hired someone else to set the fire. But that’s always possible with every set fire, so it’s not evidence. In fact, it’s just what conspiracy theorists do — instead of inventing a conspiracy, you’d be inventing a hired arsonist without providing a scrap of evidence that I actually hired such a person.
So, you need three different types of evidence: (1) the fire was intentionally set; (2) evidence that I had a motive, after investigating who else had a motive; and (3) connecting evidence — often referred to as opportunity. Cui Bono tells you who to investigate for motive. But it is not evidence of (1) or (3). And, in my opinion, conspiracy theorists commonly screw that up.
So, when I say One has to be careful when using Cui Bono, that’s exactly what I mean. I don’t mean that Cui Bono is always a fallacy.
“The ideal subject of totalitarian rule is not the convinced Nazi or the dedicated communist, but people for whom the distinction between fact and fiction, true and false, no longer exists.”
― Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 1951