Physics Guy wrote: ↑Tue Sep 06, 2022 3:01 pm
I don't think one can choose to believe, in the sense of choosing to be certain (or nearly certain) that something is true.
We can choose to believe, however, in the sense of choosing to focus on one possibility and (at least mostly) ignore the alternatives. One acts, and probably speaks, and most of the time even thinks, as though one were certain that this focus possibility was in fact the case. If the direct question comes up, however, one still recognizes that the preferred possibility isn't really the only one. So it's not a matter of being dishonest about anything. Being honest enough to recognize that different things are possible simply doesn't require giving equal amounts of attention to all of them.
The practical differences between the two senses of "believe"—certainty versus focus—are often going to be insignificant. One can choose to focus on one possibility, however, in circumstances where justified confident knowledge is impossible to obtain.
Just because one
can choose to believe, in this sense, doesn't mean it's a good idea to do it. Often it's a bad idea, even if you would like to avoid the anxious condition of conscious uncertainty, because taking other possibilities more seriously would let you achieve some good things, or avoid some bad things, at some well-worthwhile costs. And because sometimes choosing to believe can really bite you, it may be worth trying to avoid it on principle, even in cases where it would be harmless, just to keep one's skeptical muscles well toned for the cases where fixating on one alternative would be dangerous. If you get too good at closing your mind's eye to unwanted possibilities, after all, it can easily become a lazy way to avoid the trouble of real investigation, in favor of mere wishful thinking, in cases where more knowledge actually would be obtainable, with some effort.
Nevertheless I think there can be cases where it does make sense to choose to believe something, in the sense that I've described of deliberately not taking other possibilities seriously. It might be, for example, that in the cases which you choose to ignore, there would be nothing useful for you to do, anyway, while in the case on which you focus, you might be able to do something worthwhile—if you concentrated on it without being distracted by second thoughts.
Reaching conviction—or not—is rational judgement, but investing attention is practical strategy. Sometimes it can pay off, and in that sense be rational, to invest attention out of proportion to apparent probability. Faith can in principle be a virtue like courage. It can get you killed, but it can also let you achieve good things that you otherwise couldn't have done.
Whether any particular choice to believe is a good idea or not—that remains a serious question. I don't think this principle of faith is just
carte blanche to choose to believe anything at all and still claim to be acting rationally. There is still plenty to argue; plenty of belief choices are still going to be silly. And rationally choosing to focus on one alternative, while recognizing the other is possible, does not just mean adopting religion. Isaac Asimov offered essentially this defense for his atheism, which he maintained even though he acknowledged that he could not really rule out the existence of God.