An Australian setting fits the text very well in certain areas:
The American landmass is huge and connected (North and South America joined by the Isthmus of Panama). This forces American geography models to define the "sea north, sea south, sea east, and sea west" around smaller localized regions (like Mesoamerica or the Great Lakes) rather than the entire continent. Australia is literally a giant island continent completely surrounded by ocean on all sides, perfectly satisfying a literal reading of an "isle of the sea."The Book of Mormon repeatedly describes the promised land as an "isle of the sea" (2 Nephi 10:20) and emphasizes that it is entirely surrounded by water (Alma 22:32)
Mezoamerica and Eastern North America were historically dense, lush, heavily forested environments. In Australia, the vast, arid, tree-scarce interior (the Outback) physically resembles descriptions of a dry, desolate land where people had to rely on shipping timber or building with cement (Helaman 3:7–9).The narrative describes a "land northward" that was largely barren, desolate, and devoid of trees due to past civilizations over-harvesting timber (Helaman 3:3–6).
While the Americas (especially South America and Mesoamerica) are famous for gold, Australia possesses some of the largest and most easily accessible surface and shallow-depth gold and mineral deposits in the world (such as the Victorian gold fields and Western Australia).The text repeatedly highlights that the land was packed with accessible gold, silver, and copper deposits waiting to be mined (2 Nephi 5:15, Ether 10:23).
The fauna and flora don’t match but they don’t match in the Americas either so that is essentially a wash. The Australian setting helps explain why no archeological evidence has been found in the Americas.
There are also several striking phonetical similarities:
The parallels are endless. Joseph smith couldn’t have known that Australia was home to some of the largest regular wildfires on earth.Zarahemla -> Yarram / Yarrawonga: Shares the soft Z/Y initial sound combined with rolling R and M sounds.
Melek -> Melba / Mooloolaba: Shares the consonantal pair M-L-K. (Mooloolaba derives from Mulu meaning "snapper fish").
Gideon -> Gidgegannup: Shares initial G-D consonants. (Gidgegannup comes from Noongar meaning "place where spears are made").
Australia is ecologically defined by mega-bushfire cycles. Severe bushfires (such as those caused by dry lightning storms following intense droughts) produce colossal pyrocumulonimbus clouds capable of turning day into pitch-black night for hundreds of miles under thick smoke. A parallelist would argue that the specific description of suffocating "mist of darkness" and unquenchable fire mirrors southeastern Australia’s severe bushfire behavior far better than North American environments.3 Nephi 8–9 and Mosiah 12 depict extreme judgments marked by intense fire, burning cities, thick smoke, and vapor of darkness obscuring the sun.
Australia is home to 20 of the world’s 25 most venomous snake species (including the Inland Taipan, Eastern Brown, and Death Adder). Proponents would claim that a land whose geography and movement could be genuinely disrupted by deadly, highly concentrated snake populations fits Australia better than almost anywhere else on Earth.Ether 9:31–33 records a plague of "poisonous serpents" that bit the people and livestock, hedge-blocking their paths so they could not pass, driving them toward the south country.
While early 19th-century Americans were familiar with native mounds, modern archaeologists have documented that pre-contact Indigenous Australians constructed complex, widespread stone and earthen fish traps (like the Brewarrina structures), modified landscape boundary ridges, and built extensive defensive barriers/shelters in regional conflicts.Alma 48–53 details Moroni constructing massive defensive earthworks—deep ditches, ridges of earth, and timber palisades—to secure cities and boundaries.
To put it simply, I don’t have enough faith to believe that these fits are mere coincidence. Exmormons need to prove that the Book of Mormon events couldn’t have taken place in Australia. Until then, the historical Book of Mormon remains as plausible and sensible as ever!
