Bushman is a great reference for why the bank failed. Let's look at what he has to say in the pages referenced,
From Bushman’s RSR Pg 330-2
1. Capital stock was put at $4 million but only $21,000.00 in cash was put up. (Heber C Kimball bought $50,000.00 worth of shares for only $15.00.)
2. An 1816 Ohio law forbid private parties from issuing money so the bank was illegal from the start.
3. The Ohio legislature knew the pitfalls of underfunded banks which is why Hyde failed to get a charter.
4. The bank was floundering within three weeks of its start up.
All of the above happened before Bushman mentions the first ‘anti-Mormon (Granderson at the bottom of page 330) being involved with the bank. The bank didn’t fail because of any role anti-Mormons played in it, it failed because it was hugely under-capitalized and Joseph Smith had no clue what he was doing.
Evidently the Lord didn't know what Joseph was doing either because" (pg.332)
“Far from flourishing as their prophet had foretold, the Saints were caught in a downward spiral of personal losses and narrowing opportunities.”
Ironically instead of being caused by “anti Mormons” the bank failure created them. Says Bushman on the same page.
“Widespread apostasy resulted. Heber C. Kimbal claimed that by June 1837 (well after the bank had collapsed) not twenty men in Kirtland believed Joseph was a prophet”.
The entire three pages is an indictment against Joseph Smith's role in the bank, about the only thing Bushman says in Joseph Smith's defense is that he lost more money than anyone , which is ironic because he didn't have that money to begin with. Joseph didn't lose his own money, he lost other people's money and just went further into debt, something he would do over and over again. If the bank would have survived he stood to make more than anyone, if it failed, it wasn't his money that disappeared.